Urinary and fecal incontinence are conditions that cause involuntary loss of urine or feces, which can significantly impact the quality of life of many people globally. These conditions can lead to social embarrassment, anxiety, and a reduction in daily activities. In this blog, we will explore what causes these conditions, their symptoms, and why pelvic floor physiotherapy is the primary treatment option for incontinence.

What is Incontinence?

Urinary Incontinence

Urinary Incontinence (UI) is the involuntary leakage of urine, a prevalent issue impacting bladder control. The severity of this condition can vary widely. Some individuals may experience minor leaks during activities like coughing, sneezing, or exercising, known as Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI). Others might encounter a sudden, intense urge to urinate that prevents them from reaching a toilet in time, referred to as Urge Urinary Incontinence (UUI). In some instances, people may suffer from both types of incontinence, a condition known as Mixed Incontinence, simultaneously.

Fecal Incontinence

Fecal Incontinence (FI), or Bowel Incontinence, is the inability to control bowel movements, causing stool (feces) to leak unexpectedly from the rectum. It can range from occasional leakage of stool while passing gas to a complete loss of bowel control.

What Are Causes and Risk Factors For Incontinence?

Both types of incontinence can be caused by a variety of factors, including but not limited to:

• Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction: Diminished coordination between the deep core muscles and weakened pelvic floor muscles is a primary cause of incontinence.

• Aging: Hormonal changes naturally occurring with aging can affect the urinary tract, gastrointestinal system, and pelvic floor muscle function. These changes may lead to decreased control over bladder and bowel functions.

• Childbirth: Injuries to the pelvic floor muscles or other pelvic structures during childbirth can lead to diminished control over bladder and bowel functions.

• Surgery or injury: Surgical procedures in the pelvic area can potentially damage the muscles and nerves, impacting bladder and bowel control.

• Neurological disorders: Conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease, or a stroke can interfere with nerve functions related to bladder and bowel control.

• Lifestyle factors: Obesity and smoking have been shown to significantly affect incontinence. Excess body weight increases abdominal pressure, which can stress the pelvic floor muscles and lead to leakage. Similarly, smoking can weaken these muscles due to chronic coughing and reduce blood flow to the pelvic region, exacerbating incontinence issues.

What Are The Symptoms of Incontinence?

Symptoms can vary depending on the severity and type of incontinence but commonly include:

• Unexpected leakage of urine or stool

• Sudden, intense urges to urinate or defecate

• Frequent bathroom trips

• Bedwetting during sleep

Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy: A Primary Treatment Option

What is Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy?

Pelvic floor physiotherapy is a specialized form of physical therapy that focuses on the function and rehabilitation of the pelvic floor muscles. These muscles support the bladder, urethra, bowel, and uterus in women, playing a crucial role in urinary and fecal continence.

How Effective Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy Truly Is?

Research has consistently shown that pelvic floor physiotherapy can significantly improve symptoms of both urinary and fecal incontinence. It is often considered a first-line therapy due to its non-invasive nature and the absence of side effects typically associated with surgical procedures or medications.

How Does It Work?

A pelvic floor physiotherapist uses a variety of techniques to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and improve bladder and bowel control. These techniques may include:

• Exercises: After a comprehensive assessment, a pelvic floor physiotherapist can develop an exercise program designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and enhance their coordination. To effectively alleviate symptoms and facilitate a return to daily activities, the exercise regimen should extend beyond traditional Kegels. Functional exercises that take a holistic, whole-person approach, integrating the entire body’s movement and function can help improve control over the bladder and bowel.

• Biofeedback: Biofeedback is an effective technique for treating incontinence. It utilizes monitoring systems that provide real-time feedback, helping you become more aware of your body’s functions. This increased awareness enables you to better control your pelvic floor muscles, improving their function and reducing incontinence.

• Education and lifestyle advice: Pelvic floor physiotherapists can provide guidance on fluid intake, diet, and weight management to help relieve symptoms.

We Are Here To Help!

Living with urinary or fecal incontinence can be challenging, but it is important to understand that there are effective treatments available. Pelvic floor physiotherapy is a promising option that is an effective first-line treatment for these conditions. If you or someone you know is experiencing incontinence, it is advisable to consult a specialized physiotherapist who can guide you through the process of regaining control and improving your quality of life.