Interstitial Cystitis (IC), also known as Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS), is a chronic condition affecting the bladder. Primarily affecting women, interstitial cystitis can have a lasting impact on one's quality of life by causing discomfort, pain, and urinary urgency. While there is no definitive cure, relief can be sought through medications and various therapeutic approaches. In this blog, we delve into the intricacies of IC/PBS and explore how Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy can play a crucial role in its treatment.

What is Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome?

Interstitial Cystitis (IC) is a persistent inflammatory condition characterized by sensations of bladder pressure, bladder pain, and pelvic discomfort. The intensity of the pain varies, ranging from mild unease to more severe discomfort. IC is a component of a group of disorders collectively referred to as Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS).

Your bladder, a hollow and muscular organ responsible for storing urine, normally expands until full and then communicates with your brain via pelvic nerves to signal the need to urinate. This process creates the typical urge to urinate in most individuals. The urinary system consists of your bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra. In cases of interstitial cystitis, the walls of the bladder become irritated and inflamed.

With interstitial cystitis, there is a disruption in these communication signals. This leads to an increased frequency of the urge to urinate, often with smaller volumes of urine than typical for most people.

IC/PBS can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

• Frequent Urination: Individuals may need to urinate more often than usual, sometimes waking up several times during the night. The normal frequency of urination is between 5-8 times a day or roughly every 2-4 hours, however, IC/PBC can significantly increase this pattern.

• Urinary Urgency: A sudden and compelling need to urinate, which may or may not lead to episodes of incontinence.

• Pelvic Pain: Many individuals with IC/PBS experience persistent pelvic pain, often centred around the bladder and pelvic region.

• Painful Intercourse: Sexual activity can exacerbate the pain for some individuals with IC/PBS.

Understanding the Causes

The exact cause of IC/PBS remains unknown, making it a challenging condition to treat. However, potential factors that may contribute to its development include:

• Bladder Lining Defects: Damage or defects in the bladder lining may lead to irritation and inflammation.

• Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Dysfunction in the pelvic floor muscles can contribute to aggravation of the symptoms experienced by individuals with IC/PBS.

• Autoimmune Response: Some research suggests an autoimmune response could trigger IC/PBS.

• Neurological Factors: Nervous system abnormalities may also play a role in the development of this condition.

Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy as a Treatment Approach

Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy is a conservative and effective treatment option for managing IC/PBS. This specialized form of physiotherapy focuses on improving the function and rehabilitating the pelvic floor muscles. Here's how a Pelvic Floor Physiotherapist can help individuals with IC/PBS:

1. Pelvic Floor Muscle Rehabilitation: Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy involves targeted exercises to improve the function of the pelvic floor muscles. optimizing the function of the muscles can help improve the support of the bladder and alleviate some of the symptoms associated with IC/PBS.

2. Relaxation Techniques: Physiotherapists can teach relaxation techniques to help individuals manage and reduce pelvic muscle tension. This can be particularly beneficial for those experiencing pelvic pain.

3. Manual Therapy: Physiotherapists may use manual therapy techniques to address muscle tension, tender points, and any musculoskeletal issues contributing to pelvic pain.

4. Education and Lifestyle Changes: Pelvic Floor Physiotherapists educate individuals on lifestyle & habit modifications that can contribute to their symptoms, dietary changes, and bladder training techniques to help manage and reduce IC/PBS symptoms effectively.

5. Biofeedback: This modality helps individuals gain better control over their pelvic floor muscles, enhancing bladder function and reducing urgency and incontinence.

Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome is a challenging condition that affects many individuals, causing significant discomfort and disrupting daily life. Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy offers a non-invasive and personalized approach to managing IC/PBS symptoms effectively. If you suspect you may have IC/PBS, consulting a healthcare professional, preferably one specializing in pelvic health, is essential for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate treatment plan.